This report includes a comparative review of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) quality monitoring and assurance systems in 11 European countries. As differences in quality monitoring and assurance across Europe exist, the study examines the links between European countries’ systems of ECEC provision and quality monitoring and assurance, and possible consequences for the effects of ECEC on child development.The report is part of the project Curriculum Quality Analysis and Impact Review of European Early Childhood Education and Care (CARE), funded by the European Union’s 7th Framework program (THEME [SSH. 2013.3. 2-2] Early childhood education and care: promoting quality for individual, social and economic benefits). The task reported on here is part of work package four (WP4), entitled Impact of ECEC in short, medium and long-term. Within WP4, this deliverable (D4. 3) entails a comparative review of quality monitoring and assurance systems across Europe.