This paper seeks to explore the views of primary school teachers and principals in Greece and record their suggestions about the conflicts in their work environment, namely the causes, the management and the results of this phenomenon. In particular, an empirical study was conducted during the school year 2010-2011 using anonymously written questionnaires, which were disseminated to teachers and principals at primary schools throughout the thirteen (13) educational regions in Greece. One thousand and fortythree teachers (1043) out of 1400 were responded (response rate: 74.55%) as well as 340 school principals out of 400 (response rate: 85%). Research data revealed the close relationship between the conflict management and the betterment of the work environment conditions at schools and underlined the need for the training of both, principals and teachers, upon issues of organizational behavior. Additionally, it was pointed out that principals should further develop specific skills for the management of human sources in their school. It was also indicated the need for initiating constructive internal regulations in schools in order to ensure their efficiency.