Analysis of the relation between economic development, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions is considered to be important for environmental planning on a national and international level. Several studies have focused on this issue and the results lead to a positive relation between these variables. For the purpose of this study, a database was created including variables such as gross domestic product (GDP), population, total primary energy supply and carbon dioxide emissions per energy sector. Data derives for the International Energy Agency including over 140 countries. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that there is a statistical correlation between economic growth and a) energy consumption, b) carbon emissions from each energy sector. Countries classification according to GDP per capita is performed and then the One-way ANOVA command is used to test the hypotheses. The results verify existence of relation between GDP and energy consumption and also between GDP and carbon emissions from the electricity sector and the transportation sector. These results are compatible with other studies reviewed in this article.